WoW API: GetSpecializationInfo

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Returns information about the player's specializations.

local id, name, description, icon, background, role = GetSpecializationInfo(specIndex [, isInspect [, isPet]])

Arguments

specIndex: Number - Index of the specialization to query, ascending from 1 to GetNumSpecializations().
isInspect: Optional boolean - If true, query specialization information for the inspected unit.
isPet: Optional boolean - If true, query specialization information for the player's pet.

id: Number - specialization ID.
name: String - specialization name, e.g. "Balance".
description: String - description of the specialization, e.g. "Can take on the form of a powerful Moonkin, balancing the power of Arcane and Nature magic to destroy enemies at a distance."
icon: String - Texture path to this specialization's icon.
background: String - Background texture name for this talent tree; prepend "Interface\TALENTFRAME\" to this value for a valid texture path.
role: String - This specialization's intended role in a party, one of "DAMAGER", "TANK", "HEALER".

Despite the argument names, this function does not appear to return valid information for inspected units. FrameXML uses GetInspectSpecialization("unit") to retrieve a specialization ID instead.
Warning: As of 2012/07/12, this seems to be quite often buggy: The return of GetInspectSpecialization() should be a number less than 500, but sometimes is far greater and not interpretable. FrameXML is therefore 'validating' the value by calling GetSpecializationRoleByID(), and only if that returns a non-nil value, it decodes the number with GetSpecializationInfoByID().