WoW API: GetInstanceInfo

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Returns information about the current instances the player is in.

name, type, difficultyIndex, difficultyName, maxPlayers,
    dynamicDifficulty, isDynamic, instanceMapId, lfgID = GetInstanceInfo()

Returns

1. name (string) - the name of the instance (localized), otherwise the continent name (eg: Eastern Kingdoms, Kalimdor, Northrend, Outland)
2. type (string) - "none" if the player is not in an instance, "party" if in party, "raid" if in a raid, "pvp" for battleground. Many of following result values will be nil or otherwise useless in the case of "none".
3. difficultyIndex (number) - the difficulty of the instance (see Details)
4. difficultyName (string) - the difficulty of the instance ("10 Player", "25 Player (Heroic)", etc)
5. maxPlayers (number) - maximum number of players permitted inside
6. dynamicDifficulty (number) - For dynamic instances: 0=Normal 1=Heroic
7. isDynamic (Boolean) - If the instance difficulty can be changed while zoned in
8. instanceMapID (number) - InstanceMapID for the instance. not the same as MapID.
9. lfgID (number)

Notes

• difficultyIndex "difficulty level" is the difficulty mode like 10 / 25 player and described in GetInstanceDifficulty()
• Is isDynamic is only useful in places like Icecrown Citadel where the difficulty mode can be changed on the fly.
• mapID allows absolute identification of current instance without using localized names or other more complex means.

Patches

• Added in 3.2, additional return values added in 3.3
• In dynamic instances, difficultyIndex will only be 1 for 10man, or 2 25man.
• In 5.0.4 dynamicDifficulty and difficultyIndex have changed. difficultyIndex is now used to determine a dynamic instance like heroic as well as 10 / 25 modes. dynamicDifficulty returns 0.
• With 5.0.4 continents are considered 'instances', so when not inside an instance you are in a continent 'instance'.
• mapID added in Patch 5.0.4